Throughout the history, water has acted as the most important factor for development. Also subsequent droughts makes the sustainable use of water an imperative in many regions, including Iran.The present study determines how sodo-economic, physical, institutional and human factors contribute to water losses in agriculture. The study revealed that unsustainable irrigation water management was more common among farmers aged between 40-60 who: 1) had not insured their crops, 2) did not own their water resources, and 3) have stated to be influenced by water management behavior of their neighboring farmers.The study also concluded that the policy of increasing water charges might not have a marked contribution to the promotion of sustainable water use.

With regard to the crisis of water resources in the country, overdraft of groundwater resources has caused undesirable situation for most of the plains. On the one hand it is necessary for the stability of the resources are constantly using these resources, future generations need to be considered. In this regard, in this study make a cropping pattern with aims to develop a sustainable supply of groundwater resources in the Baghmalek plain has been considered. In this study, time series variables technique are used for predicting future values of variables. Also, the dynamic programming model, is used to determine the cultural pattern. Information needed for this research in two ways questionnaire and the use of statistics resource of agri-jahad and Khuzestan province`s water and power organization in 2013, has been collected. The results show that water input is considering as a limited production factor in the agricultural sector of the region. In addition, using of above pattern, will make fundamental changes in the region`s cropping pattern. The use of modern irrigation methods can increase the agricultural production capacity to double size. The main proposed of study is choosing the patterns that consider intergenerational sustainability about scares inputs such as water.

Recent trend of declining sustainability in agricultural production is appearing as a major threat to most of the Asian countries. To combat the situation, increasing importance is now being paid on incorporation of organic materials for rejuvenating the health condition and, hence, the productivity of these soils. Large scale availability of conventional organic manures being a big problem nowadays, major attention is being paid on recycling of different kinds of organic wastes for this purpose. Apart from abatement of environmental pollution, such reuse of organic wastes in agriculture helps in the improvement of various physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils and, thus, helps in sustaining the soil health. While recycling different organic wastes in agriculture, it is essential to process the materials through an adequate period of composting for improving their usability in the soils. However, due to some short comings of traditional composting systems, the technology of recycling of organic wastes has not been widely accepted so far. Under this situation, vermicomposting has recently emerged as a simple but efficient biotechnology for recycling wide ranges of organic wastes with the help of some specific groups of earthworms. In view of the growing popularity of this biotechnology, various aspects of waste recycling in agriculture through vermicomposting have been dealt in this communication.

Background: Most countries face water scarcity, population growth, climate change, uneven water distribution, excessive water use, and biological, agricultural, and industrial water pollution. Using wastewater and brackish waterways for cultivation reduces pollution. Polluted water impacts human biology. Thus, they must be adequately studied before irrigating crops. Methods: This study used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to assess the quality of non-conventional agricultural waters from the Karaj and Anbaj wastewater treatment plants in Iran. Water quality was evaluated based on 7 primary criteria and 52 sub-criteria. The Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) and the proposed model were developed from the measured parameters of the effluent from both the Anbaj and Karaj treatment plants. The data were analyzed using the Expert Choice software. Results: In this study, chloride, fecal coliforms, and intestinal parasite eggs received the highest scores, while arsenic (As) and molybdenum (Mo) were assigned the lowest scores. The findings indicated that the effluent from the Anbaj wastewater treatment plant requires extensive treatment before being suitable for agricultural use. In contrast, the effluent from the Karaj wastewater treatment plant was of moderate quality and requires minimal treatment. This study recommends applying the proposed model to evaluate wastewater quality for agricultural purposes. Conclusion: Researches of soil and wastewater interactions suggests that crops irrigated with wastewater may pose risks to both ecosystems and human health due to physical, chemical, and microbiological factors. These impacts can compromise soil fertility and productivity. Therefore, the use of wastewater in agricultural practices should be implemented with appropriate safeguards.